Internal-combustion engine



Dec. '17, 1929. P. SAPIENZA 1,740,040

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 21, 192"! 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVEN TOR. 72:12 5:71'60Za A TTORNE Y.

Dec. 17, 1929. P. SAPIENZA 1,740,040

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed March 21. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 g INVENTOR. 730? scyaz'expz BY kw TORNEY.

S'FTES PTENT OFFEQE PAUL SAPIENZA, 013 DETROIT, MICHIGAN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed. March 21, 1927. Serial No. 176,961.

This invention relates to improvements in projects through an aperture 9 in the wall internal combustion engines, and refers more 2, through which said rod is a good sliding particularly to two stroke engines. fit. Axially through the rod 8 and plunger It is an object of the invention to provide 7 is an opening 10 which is tapered outwardan engine having a cylinder with a piston ly on the underside of the plunger at 15 to 55 therein, a rod from the latter extending form a seat for a valve 11. The stem 12 of through one end of the cylinder, and a plungthis valve extends upwards through the opener in the cylinder having a cam actuated rod ing and at its upper end a fork 13, in extending through the opposite end of the which a roller 14 is rotatably held, is mount- 10 cylinder. ed thereon. In the opening 10 and prefer- 60 Another object of the invention is to proably in proximity to the valve seat 15 is an vide an internal combustion engine having a internal flange 16 integral with the plunger plunger in its cylinder as well as the usual 7', which forms a guide for the rod 8 and also piston, a plunger rod which extends through acts as a stop for the lower end of the coil 15 the opposite end of the cylinder to the piston spring 17 which is arranged around the said 65 rod, and to so move the plunger that it asrod. The upper end of the spring 17 rests sists in expelli g urnt gas from the yl nagainst the lower portion 13 of the fork 13. der, and also draws fresh gas into the latter. The upper end of the opening 10 is multi- A further object of the invention is to pro sided internally as also is the lower portion 20 vide an internal combustion engine having 13 f the yok which fits thereinto. In this 70 an arrangement of cams whereby the plunger a n r th y ke is permitted axial moveis reciprocated in the cylinder, and other ment in the rod but is held against rotation, cams by which gas is admitted into the 03 1- so that the roller 14!: remains in such position inder and allowed to pass through the plungthat it will freely rotate against the underer to a space between it and the piston, at side of the cam 37 as the latter turns. Excertain times during each double stroke of the tending substantially at right angles from piston. the side of the rod 8 are two pins one above With these and other objects in view which the other; on each pin is a roller 81 rotatably will become apparent as the specification prO- mounted thereon. On the cylinder wall 2 30 ceeds, the invention is hereinafter more fully a ides against which the slides 51 rest, so described with the aid of the accompanying and usually integral with, the upper end of drawings, in Which: the rod 8 are slidably mounted, so that when Figure 1 illustr a Side V i H 0f e the said rod moves up and down as the cam invention partly in section. 88 turns between the rollers .31, the said rod is 35 Figure 2 is a plan view. held against rotary movement.

Figure 3 is a SBCtiOIl 011 the l e 3-3 0f )n the wall2towards one side, and usually Figure 1, and integral therewith, is a tubular housing 19,

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the movethe passage 27 through which terminates at its ment imparted by two of the Cams t0 t e lower end in a smaller passage 20, which lateO plunger rod and to -a valve positioned ter extends through the wall 2 and opens into 90 therein. the upper end of the cylinder. The under- Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a side of the passage 20 is tapered outwardly at cylinder open at its lower end and closed at .21 to formaseat for the valve 22, and the stem its upper end by a wall 2. In the cylinder 23 of the valve extends upwards through the there is a piston 3 having a connecting rod 4 passages 20 and 27 and has a fork 24 mounted attached thereto by a wrist pin 5. The opat its upper end which carries a roller 25. posite end of the connecting rod is mounted The passage 20 should be somewhat larger on a crank shaft 6. than the spindle 23 for reasons hereinafter In the cylinder 1 there is a plunger 7 havstated. A spring 26 around the valve stem 23 ing a red 8, usually integral with it, which rests at its lower end against the shoulder 13G formed at the lower end of the passage 27 and bears at its upper end against an enlarged lower portion 28 of the fork 24; into which the upper end of the stem 23 is generally threaded. The upper end of the passage 27 is multi-sided as also is the enlarged lower portion 28 ofthe t'orlr :24, so that the latter cannot turn in the said passage although it is permitted axial movement therein.

The crank shaft 6 is supported as by .bearings 32, and has a bevel gear 33 thereon which meshes with a bevel gear 3l-onthe sl1a'l't35, which latter is supported as by bearings 35. On the shaft 35 a wheel 36 is so mounted as to rotate therewith. This Wheel has two external'cams 87 and 38thercon,=andone internal cam 39. lheunderside of'the-cam 8 7 adjacent it its periphery rides on-the lroller lhso that the depressed portion 37 of the cam forces the valve 11 downwards. That portionol the cam 88 adjacent to its periphery travels around be'tween the rollers '31 so that its depressedportion 38im-parts a reciprocating'movement'to-the rod Send the plunger 7.

\ ihe internal cam 89, usually integral with the rim o-ithe wheel 36 andconnee'ted to'the hub a-Oas by spokes 4L1 bears again-st the roller 25'and controls theoperation-o'fthe valve 22.

designates aninlt 'into the passage '20, which is of such size i'HTPIOPOTtlOIFtOGlIQ valve tem 28 that when the valve'22'movesdownwards ofl its seat 'there is suiiicient room for combustible mixture to pass from the inlet into the upper-end'o'f'the-cylinder 1. 42 denotes a passage from the upper side "of the plunger 7 into the-opening 10 and belowthe internal flange 16, so pla'ced that when the valve 11 is oh its seat lfr'combustib'le"mixture passes into that portion of the cylinder between the =plunger7 and "thepiston '3. 43 indicates a spark plug-arranged "through the side ozi't re cylindertowardsitsupp'er-end, and 44 is an exhaustport through the-side o'f t'he r cylinder towards its lower-end.

q The operationof the engine is as ifollows: When ls-explodedan the-'c-yhnder*between the piston 3 and the plunger 7 the dormer movesdownwards into the position shown at 3; when the piston'istoward's the bottom of its stroke the cam 38 moves the plunger 7 downwards thereby expelling burnt gas through the exhaust-port 44. lvlea-nwhile the cam '89 forces the valve'QQ off its seat so that isdmwn into the topo'f th'ecylinder on the return stroke-of theplunger'the valve 11=is opened by'thecam37 as soon asthe piston has risen sul'liciently to "close "the exhaust port 44:. Compression occurs "on the upstroke of the plunger and piston both above and below the plunger. It will be noted that when thela'tter is intop position there is only hareclearance space between the WaI-lQ'a-nd the plung er so that practically the vvhole'of the charge must passto the underside Where it is fired.

The movement of the plunger 7 and valve 11 in the cylinder can be clearly seen from the cam diagram shown in Figure 4.

While in the foregoing the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described and shown, it is understood that the construction is susceptible to such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What I-claim is: 1. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder having one end open and a piston and a plunger therein, a

connecting rod 'pivotally secured to said pisstantially radial opening therein connecting the substantiallv atrial-opening with the interior of the cylinder above the plunger, a spark plug extending into said cylinder towards its closed end, said-cylinder having an exhaust port'towards its open'endand an inlet port in its closed end, 'a valve controllingthe inlet port, a cam adapted to reciprocate said'plunger rod and plunger, a* second cam adapted to move said plunger valve 'oll its seat, a third cam adapted to "move said inlet valve off its seat and .means for rotating said cams.

In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a piston and a plunger thereima'rod secured to sai'c piston and extending through one end of said cylinder, a shaft rotatedby the movement of said rod, a wall at the other'end-o'li the cylinder having a passage therethrough, another rod on said plunger extending through'said passage, said'rod and said plunger having an opening .t-herethrough, said rod having a second and substantially radial opening 'con necting said first named opening'with'the inaterior of the cylinder above the plunger, a valve adapted to seat at the plunger end of said firstopening, a valve stem onsaid valve extendin into said first opening, a roller revolvably mounted. on the upper end of said valve stem, other rollers revolvably .mounted'on the side of said plunger :rod, a

spark :plug extending into said cylinder, said cyllnder having an inlet port'thereinto, an

inlet valveadapted to close said'inlet port, a cam adapted to rotate over said iirst'roller and impart movementto said valve stem, a cam adapted to rotate with its peripherybetween said other rollers and reciprocate said plunger rod, a cam adapted to move said inlet valve off its seat, and means for rotating said came when said shaft turns.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination as described in claim 2 wherein means are provided for holding said plunger,

rod against rotary movement.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination as described in claim 2 wherein means are provided for holding the valve stem against rotary movement.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a piston and a plunger therein, a rod connected to said piston, a shaft adapted to be rotated by saidrod, a closed end on said cylinder having a passage therethrough, a rod on said plunger extending through said passage, a substantially axial opening through said plunger and its rod, a valve adapted to seat against the plunger end of said opening, a substantially radial passage through said plunger rod from said first named opening into that portion of the cylinder above the plunger, guides on the closed ends of the cylinder, slides on said plunger rod adapted to move vertically in said guides, a roller mounted on the upper end of the valve stem, two rollers revolvably mounted on one side of the plunger rod, a tubular housing on the closed end of the cylinder opening into the latter, said closed cylinder end having an inlet port therein opening into said tubular housing, an inlet valve adapted to seat against the cylinder end of said tubular housing, a stem on said inlet valve extending into said housing, a roller mounted on the upper end of said latter valve stem, a cam adapted to rotate against said first named roller and move said first valve off its seat, a cam adapted to rotate with its periphery between said rollers mounted on the side of the plunger rod and to reciprocate said plunger and rod, a cam adapted to move said inlet valve off its seat, independent means for tending to hold each valve on its seat, independent means for holdin each valve stem against rotation, means for turning said cams when said shaft rotates, a spark plug extending into said cylinder, and said cylinder having an exhaust port therefrom.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a closed end with a passage therethrough, a piston and a plunger in said cylinder, a rod connected to said piston extending through one end of said cylinder, shaft rotated by the movement of said rod, a rod from said plunger extending through said passage, guide rollers extending laterally from said plunger rod, a cam having part of its periphery between said guide rollers adapted to reciprocate said plunger in said cylinder, said closed cylinder end having an intake port therein, a valve adapted to control said intake port opening, a cam adapted to move said valve, said plunger having a passage therethrough, another valve adapted to control the opening of said plunger passage, another cam adapted to move said other valve, and means for moving said cams when said shaft rotates. 7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination as described in claim 6 wherein a second shaft is driven from the shaft named therein, a wheel fixed on the second shaft, the cams which operate the plunger and the valve in the plunger opening respectively being located on the periphery of said wheel, and the cam which operates the inlet valve also on said wheel.

8. An internal combustion engine having a pair of radially spaced apart intake valves, a wheel driven by the engine provided with a pair of stepped circumferentially extending cams, one cam engaging one valve and the other cam engaging the other valve to open said valves upon rotation of the wheel.

9. An internal combustion engine having a pair of intake valves, a wheel driven by the engine, aid wheel provided with an internal circumferentially extending cam engaging one valve and an external circumferentially extending cam engaging the other valve to actuate said valves successively upon rotation of the wheel to admit each charge successively through said valve openings.

10. An internal combustion'engine having a cylinder provided with an intake opening, a valve controlling said opening, a working plunger in the cylinder, said plunger having an intake opening, a valve controlling the opening in the plunger, a cam wheel driven by the engine, said Wheel provided with an internal cam engaging one valve and an external cam engaging the other valve to actuate said valves upon rotation of the wheel.

11 An internal combustion engine having a cylinder provided with an intake opening, a valve controlling said opening, a plunger reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, said plunger provided with an intake opening, a cam wheel driven by the engine, a plunger valvecontrolling said opening, said wheel provided with internal and external cams, one cam engaging the first mentioned valve and the other cam engaging the second mentioned valve, to open said valves successively upon rotation of the wheel.

12. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder provided with an intake opening, a valve controlling said opening, a plunger reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, said plunger provided with an intake opening, a cam wheel driven by the engine, said wheel provided with a plurality of circumferentially extending cams spaced axially about the wheel, one cam engaging the intake valve in the cylinder to open said valve, a second valve engaging the plunger to actuate the plunger, and a third cam engaging the valve controlling the opening in the plunger to open said valve.

13. An internal combustion engine having, in combination, a power cylinder and piston in one end of the cylinder, a plunger in the opposite end of the cylinder said cylinder provided with an intake opening at its plunger end, said plunger provided with an intake opening, a valve controlling each opening, a cam wheel driven by the power piston and provided with a pair of cams arranged circumferentially thereabout and adapted to engage said valves to open them successively to admit a charge into the end of the cylinder beyond the plunger and then into the cylinder through the plunger.

14. An internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a power cylinder and piston, a plurality of longitudinally operable 'adially spaced apart valves arranged within the cylin ler, a cam wheel driven by the power piston provided with a plurality of circumferentially arranged radially and axially stepped cams engaging said valves to actuate them in a determined timed order of succession.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a cylinder having an intake opening, a piston positioned within the cylinder, a plunger positioned within the cylinder opposed to the piston, said plunger provided with an intake opening, a valve controlling the intake opening,into the cylinder,a valve controlling the intake opening through the plunger, a rotatably supported cam wheel driven by the piston, said cam wheel provided with two circumferentially arranged cams one engaging each valve to open said valves.

16. An internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a cylinder having an intake opening, a piston positioned within the cylinder, a plunger positioned within the cylinder opposed to the piston, said plunger provided with an intake opening, a pair of valves one controlling each intake opening, a

' valve to open said valve.

17. An internal combustion engine comprising, 1n combination, a cylinder having an intake opening, a piston positioned within the cylinder, a plunger positioned within the cylinder opposed to the piston, said plunger provided with an intake opening, a pair of valves one controlling each intake opening, a crank shaft extending at right angle to the axis of the cylinder and coupled with the piston to be driven thereby, a cam shaft extending substantially parallel to the axis of the cylinder and coupled with the crank shaft to be driven thereby, a cam wheel carried by the cam shaft and provided with a pair of circumferentially arranged cams one engaging one valve and the other engaging the other valve to open the valves controlling said openings in succession in the reverse order to that in which the openings are herein enumerated.

18. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a pair of intake openings to admit a charge into the cylinder, each intake opening provided with a control valve, a crank shaft coupled with the piston to be rotated thereby, a cam shaft arranged at a right angle to the crank shaft and substantially parallel to the aXis of the cylinder, a cam wheel carried by said cam shaft overhanging one end of the cylinder and provided with a pair of circumferentially arranged cams one engaging one valve and the other engaging the other valve to open said valve successively to admit a charge into the cylinder.

PAUL SAPIENZA. 

